HOSES AND CONNECTION SYSTEMS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR

HOSES AND CONNECTION SYSTEMS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR

BASIC HOSE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS

The hoses used in construction and infrastructure machinery are like the veins of the system. Each one carries a different liquid or gas, each one works under different conditions. A hose used in the wrong place can not only stop the system, but also cause serious safety problems. Let's get to know these hoses one by one:

1. Hydraulic Hoses

All movement systems of heavy machinery such as excavators, dozers, cranes and road rollers work with hydraulic hoses. These hoses must be resistant to high pressure, flexible and resistant to impacts. Otherwise, both machine control is lost and operator safety is at risk.

2. Concrete and Cement Hoses

Used in concrete pumps, these hoses carry highly abrasive materials. The internal structure is usually made of thick rubber or reinforced composite material. Both the inner surface of the hose must be resistant to abrasion and the outer surface must be protected against impact and crushing.

3. Water and Air Hoses

Water and air hoses are used in many applications on construction sites, such as cleaning, dust suppression or operating pneumatic tools. These hoses are medium pressure, lightweight and easy to route. Abrasion and UV resistance is also an important requirement.

4. Chemical and Waste Discharge Hoses

In some infrastructure projects, especially sewage and industrial water lines, aggressive liquids are used. These hoses must be made of chemical resistant materials and their internal structure must be adapted to the type of liquid. At the same time, they must be securely mounted with clamps so that they do not leak out.

5. Drainage and Irrigation Hoses

Used for field irrigation systems, temporary infrastructure lines or leakage control, these hoses are flexible, portable and often large in diameter. They are usually manufactured from spiral-structured and impact-resistant materials.

HOSE CLASSIFICATION BY MATERIAL

Hoses used in construction and infrastructure sites are shaped according to the harshness of the environment. Abrasion, impact, high pressure or chemical contact... Different materials are used for each situation. Here are the most common types of hoses and their properties:

1. Rubber Hoses (EPDM, NBR, NR)

Classic, reliable and versatile. Preferred in water, air and some chemical applications.

Advantages: Flexible, durable, cost-effective, resistant to moderate temperature and pressure.

Disadvantage: It can wear out quickly in abrasive materials and lose its form at very high temperatures.

2. Thermoplastic Hoses (PVC, Polyurethane, Nylon)

It is especially preferred in drainage, light irrigation and pneumatic applications.

Advantages: Lightweight, cost-effective, offering a variety of color and hardness options.

Disadvantage: More sensitive to sunlight (UV) and very cold temperatures.

3. Reinforced Hoses (Spiral / Wire Braid Supported)

It is used in hoses transporting fluids such as heavy concrete, mud, stony water.

Advantages: High pressure and impact resistant, the hose will not crush or sag.

Disadvantage: Low flexibility, requires attention during installation.

4. Metal Hoses (Stainless Steel, Aluminum)

It is used in special areas where high temperature, vibration and corrosive chemicals are transported.

Advantages: Superior resistance to heat, pressure and external impact.

Disadvantage: Flexibility is low, weight is high, cost is relatively high.

5. Composite Hoses

Produced by combining more than one material. For example, combinations with rubber inside, fabric outside or spiral backing.

Advantages: It is both flexible and robust, providing multi-purpose use.

Disadvantage: It should be chosen carefully according to the place of use, it may not be suitable for every area.

PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY CRITERIA

• Temperature Resistance

When construction machinery and concrete pumps are operating on hot days or under high friction, the hose temperature can reach serious levels. Rubber hoses usually operate between -40°C to +120°C, while silicone or metal hoses can withstand up to +200°C and above. Choosing the wrong material can cause the hose to soften and lose its shape.

• Pressure Tolerance

Hydraulic hoses are subjected to high pressure; they can reach values of 150 to 400 bar. These hoses are usually wire braided or spiral reinforced. Lower pressures (10-20 bar) are sufficient for water and air lines, but the connection points must still be leak-proof. Concrete pumps should also use hoses that do not flex against sudden pressure increases.

• Wear Resistance

Abrasive materials such as concrete, sand, stony water dissolve the inner surface of the hose over time. Therefore, hoses with thickened inner layers, special mixtures or reinforced hoses should be preferred. Friction and impact resistant outer coating is also essential on the outer surface.

• Chemical Resistance

Chemical resistance is essential in areas such as sewer lines and industrial liquid discharges. In these applications, more chemical resistant rubbers such as NBR, EPDM or PVC based materials should be preferred.

• UV and Ozone Resistance

Outdoor hoses are constantly exposed to sunlight and ozone. This can cause the hose to harden and crack over time. UV-resistant outer layers protect against such environmental influences.

• Mechanical Stretching and Shape Retention

Hoses bend, stretch and elongate in constantly moving machines. Quality hoses adapt to this mobility but do not lose their form. Hoses that are flexible but maintain their structure eliminate the risk of leakage at connection points.

MOUNTING, CLAMPS AND HARDWARE PARTS

• Correct installation of hoses used in construction and infrastructure projects is vital for the long life and safe operation of the system. The diameter, length and angle of inclination of the hose as well as how it is fixed directly affect performance.

• The clamps hold the hose in place and ensure a tight seal. Heavy-duty clamps - especially models such as T-bolt and V-band - work in high-pressure and vibrating environments without loosening. Such clamps are often preferred in areas such as concrete pumps and excavator hydraulic systems.

• In light and medium pressure applications, band type screw clamps are used. Although these clamps provide ease of installation, if they are not made very tight, there may be a risk of leakage under the hose. Therefore, clamp tightness should be checked after each installation.

• For small diameter hoses - e.g. pneumatic lines, cleaning water systems - mini clamps come into play. These clamps make it easy to work in tight spaces and provide a firm grip.

• Fast connection equipment (e.g. glass & groove connections, coupling systems) is preferred for systems that require fast assembly and disassembly. These systems reduce labor time and facilitate emergency intervention. Such practical solutions provide efficiency on the construction site.

• During installation, the hose must not be kinked, overstretched or in contact with surfaces subject to vibration. In such cases, support pieces, clamp fasteners or anti-friction covers should be added under the hose.

• Finally, once the installation is complete, the system should be tested under pressure and the tightness of all clamps checked again. Remember, one drop of leakage can start a problem that will last for days!

MAINTENANCE, CONTROL AND CHANGE PROCESSES

• Hoses working on construction and infrastructure sites face constant challenges: mud, sun, pressure, chemical contact, crushing, friction... That's why regular maintenance is not just a suggestion, it's a necessity. Just like the periodic maintenance of any equipment, hoses should be checked at regular intervals.

• Visual inspection is the most practical but effective method. If there are cracks, bubbles, softening, excessive hardening or traces of leaking liquid on the surface of the hose, this signals a change. Particular attention should be paid to clamp points and kinks in the hose.

• Testing under pressure is particularly important for hydraulic hoses. A hose that does not leak during normal operation may show tiny leaks under load. These leaks can grow over time and lead to serious failures.

• The cold-hot cycle creates expansion and contraction in hoses and clamps. This leads to loosening over time. Therefore, the clamps at the hose connection points should be checked regularly to ensure that they are tight and in place.

• Especially with concrete and mud hoses, it can be difficult to see the wear on the inner surface. In this case, the reduction or shrinkage in the weight of the hose may also be a clue. The average life expectancy for concrete hoses can vary between 1-2 years, depending on site conditions.

• In fuel and chemical hoses, the inner coating in contact with the liquid can deteriorate over time. This creates a leakage risk and safety problem. In such hoses, the durability period specified by the manufacturer should be taken into account and random long use should be avoided.

• As a general rule, it is recommended to check hoses regularly between 3 and 5 years and replace them if necessary. However, factors such as intensive use, climatic conditions and the material it carries may shorten this period.

FUTURE TRENDS AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES

• While durability has always been at the forefront of the construction and infrastructure industry, lightness, sustainability and smart systems are now also sought after. This is also driving significant innovations in hose and connection equipment.

• Sustainable hose materials are slowly taking their place in the industry. Hoses produced with biobased elastomers or recyclable plastics are both environmentally friendly and have a lower carbon footprint.

• 3D printing technology has started to be used in the production of specially designed hose fittings and clamps. This makes it possible to quickly produce solutions even in non-standard systems.

• Smart hose systems are merging with sensor technologies. Some hoses can now monitor the temperature, pressure or leakage of the fluid flowing through them in real time. In this way, failures can be detected and intervened before they occur.

• Modular hose sets reduce assembly time and facilitate transportation. Especially when parts need to be replaced in the field, dismantling only the damaged part and installing a new one saves time and labor.

• New generation clamps are being developed to offer lighter, tighter and faster assembly. Self-tightening clamps with an extra corrosion-resistant coating are at the forefront of these innovations.

THE SILENT HEROES WHO CARRY THE SYSTEM

In construction and infrastructure projects, hoses don't just transport fluids; they carry the continuity, safety and efficiency of the entire system. They are invisible but indispensable parts. In a concrete line, in the hydraulic arm of an excavator or in a drainage system... Behind it all is a quietly working hose and a connection system that holds it tight.

Harsh weather conditions, high pressure, chemicals, constant vibration... The right material, correct installation and regular maintenance against all these conditions ensure that the work flows, not interrupts. When the robustness of the hose, the strength of the clamp and the flexibility of the system come together, a perfect structure emerges.

Technology is evolving, systems are getting smarter, but the foundation remains the same: If the connections are strong, things work. These silent heroes are the hidden architects of projects that advance hundreds of meters every day.